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セミナー 2008年(H20年)度

木曜セミナー 第1回

【要旨】

This paper proposes a re-conceptualization of firm internationalization to understand and predict the rapid global expansion of firms since the 1990s, especially those from emerging markets. First, based on a review of existing literature, we re-conceptualize firm internationalization as a heterogeneous process of strategic development of subsidiaries in overseas countries or regions. This re-conceptualization captures the pluralistic character of the process of firm internationalization. Second, we delineate peculiar roles played by subsidiaries in pursuit of multinational enterprise (MNE) headquarters’ heterogeneous strategies for international expansion. We argue that the HQ’s heterogeneous approaches toward overseas subsidiary development define the corresponding roles of subsidiaries, which in turn shape the knowledge-flow patterns within the MNEs. Finally, we link firms’ internationalization strategies with different patterns of knowledge flow within MNEs to generate hypotheses concerning the effect of such links on subsidiary performance. We argue that the proper alignment of firm internationalization strategies with knowledge flow patterns will lead to success of the overseas subsidiaries; by contrast, a mismatch will lead to subsidiary failure. The paper thus contributes to the field of firm internationalization by linking its new conceptualization with the literature on subsidiary roles and knowledge flows in MNEs.


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木曜セミナー 第2回

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木曜セミナー 第3回

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木曜セミナー 第4回

【要旨】

 著作権にはなぜ期限があるのか? そのルーツを18世紀イギリスのコピーライトをめぐる「ドナルドソン対ベケット裁判」にある。本報告では、その歴史的な裁判について法制史、出版史、文芸史、社会文化史の観点から学際的に考察する。
 まず財の性質を、排他性・控除性の観点から整理し、「文化」のような無体財の性質をあきらかにする。排他性・控除性ともに低い「公共の文化」の重要性を論じたのち、「公共の文化」にとって著作権が切れることの大切さを問い、「ドナルドソン対ベケット裁判」の重要性を問う。つづいて、裁判の歴史的背景をふまえて、原告被告双方の主張を紹介し、裁判の方向性を決定づけた要因として、法律家らの人間関係が大きかったことを論じる。
 最後に、著作権延長問題、フェアユース解禁などの最近の国内の動向を紹介し、本研究の現代的な意義に言及する。


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木曜セミナー 第5回

【要旨】

Under the golden rule of public finance for public investment with a constant budget deficit/GDP ratio, we show that for the sustainability of government budget deficits there is a threshold of the initial public debt for a given stock of public capital, and that this threshold level of public debt is increasing in the stock of public capital. If the initial public debt is greater than the threshold, the government can no longer sustain budget deficits, while if it is smaller, the government can conduct a permanent deficit policy, which eventually leads to a positive public debt/GDP ratio.


木曜セミナー 第6回

【要旨】

We apply a Brander and Spencer (1985) type three-country model wherein two firms from developed countries compete in a developing country’s market. The developed country’s government endeavors to maintain domestic production to prevent hollowing of industry. We consider several real aspects of a modern economy: population decrease, legal minimum wage rate, efficiency wage rate, imperfect competition, and economic partnership agreements (EPA) including introducing a fixed number of legal foreign workers. We determine that a more reasonable efficiency wage system should benefit the developed country’s economy and that technological spillover to the developing country could increase economic welfare.


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木曜セミナー 第7回

【要旨】

This paper examines the e?ects of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on technological openness and innovation in a North-South product-cycle model. In this model, firms choose between a defensive technology and an open technology. In contrast to the monotonic re- lationships described by earlier models, the analysis shows that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between IPR protection in de- veloping countries and the rate of global innovation. As this suggests that very strong and very weak IPR policies decrease innovation, a more balanced approach to IPR protection is called for.


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木曜セミナー 第8回

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木曜セミナー 第9回

【要旨】

This paper analyzes the public provision of private goods for children in a politicoeconomic model with endogenous fertility. The government provides every child with goods that can also be purchased by parents in private markets, and the level of provision is determined by majority rule.
Households with many children benefit from the public provision more than those with fewer children; thus, a political conflict arises between them.
The distribution of the number of children across households, which is a crucial factor for determining which group is politically dominant, is endogenously determined by households’fertility decision. The sequential interaction between fertility and political decisions might lead to multiple equilibria: equilibrium with high-fertility and low-private/public-spending-ratio and equilibrium with lowfertility and high-private/public-spending-ratio.
Our model could explain the large differences in fertility and structure of child-related spending across countries.


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木曜セミナー 第10回

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木曜セミナー 第11回(ランチタイム・セミナー)

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木曜セミナー 第12回

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